第19、20届世界杯足球赛红黄牌判罚的对比研究

A comparative analysis of red and yellow cards' penalties in the 19th and 20th Football World Cup

采用录像观察、数理统计、文献资料与对比分析等研究方法,对第19、20届世界杯足球赛决赛阶段红黄牌判罚情况进行统计分析,结果表明:20届世界杯红黄牌数量比19届有所减少;19届世界杯红黄牌多出现在上下半场的后半段,20届则在下半场的上半段;两届世界杯中被判罚黄牌犯规大多为违反体育行为的犯规;红牌方面,20届与19届相比,严重犯规提高了6.5个百分点;暴力行为降低了7.8个百分点;在这两届世界杯中裁判员出示红、黄牌的地点分布最广的都在中场附近,且20届世界杯中出现在中场附近的红、黄牌比例都高于19届;两届世界杯红、黄牌大多都出现在中场队员身上;两届世界杯中判罚黄牌的原因差不多,其中危险铲球、绊人、蹬踏被判罚黄牌的最多;20届世界杯比19届世界杯高了11个百分点;激烈拉扯、殴打、肘击被判罚红牌的比例最多;在19届世界杯中共出现17张红牌,得到红牌且输了比赛的比例为70.59%;20届世界杯被判罚红牌且输了比赛的比上19届少了10个百分点。

By using the methods of video observation, mathematical statistic, documents and comparison, this paper makes statistical analysis on red and yellow cards in the 19 th, 20 th World Cup finals, the results show that the number of the red and yellow cards in 20 th World Cup is less than the 19 th, the cards in the 19 th World Cup are more in the second half; the 20 th in the upper half of the second half. About red cards, comparing with the 19 th and the 20 th, serious foul increased by 6.5 percentage points; violence decreased by 7.8 percentage points; and the midfield in the 20 th, the red and yellow cards proportion is higher than the 19th; most of the two World Cup red and yellow card in the midfield players have appeared; the reason is almost same in yellow card penalty, which tackles dangerous, tripping, pedaling was fined; the most yellow in the 20 th World Cup is higher than the 19 th about 11 percentage points; maximum proportion is fined by red card in fierce pull, beaten, and elbowing; the proportion of the 19 th World Cup red card appears 17 times, the teams who gain a red card lost the game for 70.59 percentage points; the red card of the 20 th World Cup and a penalty of losing the game is less than the 19 th about 10 percentage points.