喀斯特生态脆弱区的土地退化及生态重建——以贵州省关岭县为例

LAND DEGRADATION AND ECO-RECONSTRUCTION IN FRAGILE KARST ECOSYSTEM:THE CASE OF GUANLING COUNTY, GUIZHOU PROVINCE

我国西南喀斯特地区是世界上著名的脆弱生态区 ,土地退化严重 ,人地矛盾尖锐 ,区域发展可持续性差。对此区退化土地进行生态重建 ,是西部开发中十分紧迫的任务。本文以位于贵州喀斯特高原峡谷地带的关岭县为研究区 ,分析了喀斯特地区生态环境脆弱性的主要特点 ,土地退化的主要过程及生态、经济和社会系统驱动机制。在此基础上提出相应的生态重建对策 ,指出我国西南喀斯特地区可持续发展迫切需要外部的物质、技术、资金等投入扶持 ,而最终实现则需要立足于本地的生态重建和生态产业的良性发展。

The Karst region of Southwest China is a famous fragile ecosystem in the world. Land degrades seriously, relationship between human and environment is very tense; and sustainability of regional development is weak. The reconstruction of this region is an important and urgent task in Western China Development. As a study case, Guanling County locates in the canyon area of Guizhou Karst Plateau. This paper analyzes the vulnerability of Karst environment, the main systematic process of land degradation and it's mechanism driven by ecological, economic and social force. Based on the analysis, the paper also presents the strategy for local ecological and economical reconstruction. The start up condition of reversing the PPE (poverty, population and environment) vicious circle should be investing capital, technology, material and advanced idea from outside, and bridging the “digital divide”. The eco reconstruction must depend upon the local ecological rehabilitation and ecological industry. This paper also presents the countermeasures for ecological rehabilitation. They can be described as withdrawing cropland from cultivation into forestry or grassland to resume vegetation, improving the cultivation system, strengthening water and soil conservation and utilizing the advantage resources to develop ecological industry.