从叙事视角看前苏联小说的内视化过程

Internal Focalization in Russian Novels

伴随着十月革命诞生的苏联小说,由于文化背景使然,长期以来一直以全知视角为主要叙事方式.从"解冻"时期(20世纪50-60年代)开始关注人的内心世界,作品多以内视角叙事并逐步走向内视化.20世纪70-80年代的内视性,已经不单单表现为对内视倾向的追求,也包括对内视角叙述手段的采用.一个特定时代的叙事视角的选择反映了这个时代民众的心声,与这个时代的精神需求遥相呼应.

Omniscient point of view has been a dominant narrative strategy in Russian novels written during and after the October Revolution. Even since the Thawing Period (1950s and 60s), Russian novelists have increasingly shown an interest in exploring the inner world of human beings. With the shift of attention from the external reality to the inner reality in Russian novels, internal focalization has gradually replaced omniscience as the primary narrative strategy. Thus, Russian novels of 1970s and 80s not only probe into the subjective consciousness but also skillfully employ internal focalization as an effective narrative technique. The formal innovation is consequent upon social transformations in the new era.