2,4-滴丙酸对苹果树采前落果的控制与果实贮藏的效应

EFFECT OF 2,4-DP ON CONTROLLING PREHARVEST DROP AND FRUIT STORAGE OF APPLE

以90%2,4-DP结晶体、2,4,5-TP粉剂、10.8%2,4-DPNa,29%2,4-DPN(C_2H_2OH)_3配平平加乳化剂,稀释成所需浓度(清水对照含有相同浓度的平平加乳化剂),在果实采收前对新红星和元帅苹果进行全树喷布。结果表明,新红星在采前12、20、27天喷布20ppm2,4-DP或20ppm2,4,5-TP对控制采前落果有显著效果,都能显著的推迟采前落果时间、明显的减轻采前落果强度,对采收单果重和果实贮藏品质无不良影响,对果实贮藏中的合计损耗率有减少趋势。元帅在采前21天喷布一次20ppm2,4-DP,也显著的控制了采前落果,不影响单果重和果实品质,但同期喷布一次相同浓度的2,4-DPN(C_2H_2OH)_3或2,4-DPNa,则对控制采前落果无显著效果。2,4-DP可以用来代替2,4,5-TP作为苹果树的控制采前落果剂使用。

Both 20 ppm 2,4-DP and 20 ppm 2,4,5-TP had the same significant effect on controlling preharvest drop of 'Starkrimson', when sprayed once at 12 days, 20 days or 27 days before harvest. They significantly delayed the time of preharvest drop, reduced the degrce of preharvest drop and reduced the total loss rate of fruit during storage, but they had no negative effect on the weight of fruit and quality of stored apples.The preharvest drop of 'Delicious' was also significantly controlled by spraying of 20 ppm 2,4-DP once at 21 days before harvest. It did not affect the weight and quality of fruit. There was no significant effcct on controlling preharvest drop with one spraying of 2,4-DPN (C_2H_2OH)_3 or 2,4-DPNa at the same time with the same concentration.According to the result of this experiment, 2,4-DP can take the place of 2,4,5-TP to control preharvest drop of apple.