唐德宗播迁前后的东南转运线与朝政时局关系略论

The Southeast Transportation Lines and The Political Situation during Emperor Dezong’s Exile

'泾师之乱'前,由于东南转运线屡次遭到叛乱藩镇的阻截,唐廷通过诸如武装押运、开辟新的运输线路等举措来加以应对,但收效甚微,'泾师之乱'的爆发,即与长安物资供应拮据有关。乱后德宗被迫逃往奉天、梁州,播迁之际为了应对危局,唐廷及东南地方官员及时采取行动,对东南转运线做出调整、改变,或新辟运路,以确保东南物资的转输,为平定叛乱、收复京城、稳定政局提供了经济保障。德宗返京后,重新恢复和调整后的东南转运线继续发挥着重要作用。通过考察德宗播迁前后三个阶段东南转运线的变化,可知转运线路的通畅与否,与朝政时局,特别是唐廷与河北、淄青、淮西等强藩之间的关系,存在着紧密的关联。一方面,朝政时局特别是唐廷与强藩之间关系的变动,往往引发东南转运线路的调整与改变;另一方面,东南转运线路的调整、改变及其通阻变化,也会及时地反作用于朝政时局。

Before the Jingshi Rebellion,the southeast transportation routes were repeatedly obstructed by rebels of the east area.The Tang central government thus took some measures to deal with it,such as armed escorts and opening up new transportation lines,but with limited effects.The shortage of supplies in Chang’an eventually led to the outbreak of the Jingshi rebellion,after which Emperor Dezong was forced to flee to Fengtian and Liangzhou.During the period of the emperor’s exile,the Tang central government and the southeast local officials opened up new channels on one hand,and on the other they adjusted the old routes to ensure the transportation of goods,which provided enough supplies to suppress the rebellion,reoccupy the capital and stabilize the political situation.After Emperor Dezong returned to Chang’an,the recovered and adjusted southeast transportation lines continued to play an important role.