妇女家庭劳力何去何从:晚清政治经济学新词汇的影响

The Predicament of Chinese Women’s Domestic Labor:The Impact of New Political-Economic Phrases in the Late Qing Period

晚清以来,中国妇女的家庭劳力被边缘化,这与'工业''制造''生利'等新词汇在晚清不同历史时期译介和传播有关。这些新词汇、新概念持续不断地为晚清士人建构国族需要的经济'公'观念,把集体和个人的劳力引导到生产性劳动,特别是机器制造工业,与整个世界的资本市场循环衔接。这些词汇虽然译介途径不同,但环环相扣,各有侧重。'工业''制造'聚焦于机器工业;'生利'以工业为核心,但又不局限于工业,它将所有的经济活动导向国族,并将个人劳力置于经济'公'观念的审视之下。这些新词汇是促进经济'公'观念兴起的思维工具,却与晚清的历史现实产生一定距离。当探讨晚清的妇女家庭劳力时,'制造''生利'等词汇评价失据,制造了矛盾。

Chinese Women’s Domestic Labor was marginalized since the late Qing period.It was associated with the rise of new political-economic phrases such as'Gongye'(industry),'Zhizao'(manufacture)and'Shengli'(produce interests).These new phrases continuously shaped the intellectuals’idea of'public',which attempted to channel the collective and individual efforts to production,particularly to the modem industry.These new phrases interacted with each other.'Zhizao'focused on machine production.'Shengli'judged the value of individual labors with its'public'and collective criterion.However,the rise of'public'idea which was stimulated by the new phrases could not fully explain women’s labor within the inner realm.It fact,it caused the long-term historical ambivalence.