农村劳动力流动对我国粮食生产效率影响的实证分析

An Empirical Study of the Effect of Rural Labor Migrations on China’s Grain Production Efficiency

随着工业化、城市化进程加快,我国农村劳动力流动性日益增强,农村劳动力转移规模快速增长。在耕地与水等资源刚性约束下,农村劳动力流动对粮食生产的影响逐渐显现,粮食生产持续增产关键在于粮食生产技术进步。为此,本文在测算粮食生产效率的基础上,实证分析农村劳动力流动对粮食生产效率的影响,以考察农村劳动力流动对粮食生产技术进步的影响。研究得出:我国粮食生产具有较强的技术改进型的技术进步特征,粮食生产率增长主要是由于技术变动引起的,而技术效率相对较低、增长缓慢,且地域差异性明显。农村劳动力流动对粮食生产效率产生了重要影响,农村劳动力流动促进了技术改进型的技术进步,而对粮食生产的技术效率、规模效益影响较弱,但不同变量影响程度差异较大,农村人口迁移对粮食生产技术进步具有一定促进作用,而非农就业与粮食生产技术进步却呈现一定负向关系。

With the accelerated process of the industrial and urbanizing reform of China, the mobility and the migration scale of rural labors have been increasing significantly and rapidly, and the behaviors of rural labor forces have been changing greatly, which has made a great impact on farmers ’ production behaviors. In this situation,China’s agricultural production has also undergone great changes. Through a lot of empirical analysis, the authors have come to many important conclusions. The results reveal that China’s agricultural technological progress has a strong technology-improved characteristic, which means the agricultural productivity growth is mainly caused by technology changes, but the technical efficiency is relatively low. Rural labor-flow variables have a significant impact on the efficiency of agricultural productions. The rural labor mobility promotes technological advances in agricultural technology, while its impact on agricultural technology efficiency and scale effect is weak, however, different variables have different impacts, and migrations of the rural population are promoting technological progress,while between the non-farm employments and technological advances in agriculture,there is a negative relationship.