农业供给侧结构性改革背景下玉米种植结构优化研究——基于西北五省玉米生产专业化程度的测算

Research on the Optimization of Corn Planting Structure Under the Background of Supply-side Reform of Agriculture——Base on the Measurement of Specialization Level of Corn Production in the Northwest Region of China

当前我国的主要粮食作物中,小麦、稻谷供需基本平衡,玉米作物出现阶段性供大于求问题,同时也面临着越来越大的自然资源环境约束压力,西北地区玉米结构调整的重要性逐步凸显。本文运用区位熵法对西北五省玉米种植区位熵指数进行测算,通过测算得出以下结论:甘肃省玉米种植的专业化水平最高,宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区次之,接着是陕西省,最低的是青海省;专业化程度表现为上升趋势的有甘肃省、新疆维吾尔自治区、青海省,专业化程度表现为下降趋势的有陕西省和宁夏回族自治区。根据上述分析结果,提出我国西北地区玉米种植结构优化的对策建议。

The supply and demand of wheat and rice in our country is mainly balanced, but also as primary food corns there exist an unbalancing problem in the supply and demand of corn, meanwhile the restrictions come from natural resources become more and more severe. The importance of restructure in corn cultivated area in the northwest region of China gradually highlighted. This article using the Method of Location Quotient to measure the index of location quotient and level of specialization in corn production. From the outcome of location quotient index we can draw the conclusion below : the level of specialization of corn production in Gansu Province is highest in the five regions, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Sinkiang Uygur Autonomous Region are in the second class,then the Shanxi Province, and Qinghai Province is the lowest. The level of specialization in Gansu Province,Sinkiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province have a upward trend and in the region of Shanxi Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region the level of specialization in corn production are downtrend. From the conclusion we give some policy recommendations about the restructure of corn production in the northwest region of China.