黑龙江省大豆生产布局及比较优势分析

Analysis of Soybean Production Layout and Comparative Advantage in Heilongjiang Province

黑龙江省是我国大豆主产区,21世纪以来,大豆种植面积和大豆产量占全国的比例均在30%以上。本文首先通过测算生产的集中度指标,发现黑龙江省近年来大豆生产的集中程度并不明显,并且大豆生产有向北转移的趋势,越往北大豆种植所占比重越大。然后通过测算规模比较优势指数、效率比较优势指数和综合比较优势指数三个比较优势指标,来分析黑龙江省各地区大豆生产的比较优势状况,发现:首先黑河市的规模比较优势最为明显,而农垦总局并不具有规模比较优势;其次,鹤岗市、佳木斯、大兴安岭地区和农垦总局都处于效率比较优势阶段;最后,综合来看,大兴安岭、鹤岗、黑河市和农垦总局等地综合比较优势都比较显著。

Heilongjiang Province is the main producing area of soybean in China. Since 2000, the soybean acreage and yield have occupied over 30 percent of the whole country. Firstly, in this paper, by calculating the concentration index of production, it was found that the concentration of soybean production in Heilongjiang province was not obvious in recent years; Soybean production has the trend of northward transfer, and the proportion of soybean is growing in the northern region. Secondly, by comparing the three comparative advantages of scale comparative advantage index, efficiency comparative advantage index and comprehensive comparative advantage index,this paper analyzes the comparative advantages of soybean production in different regions of Heilongjiang Province, and finds that the scale comparative advantage of Heihe City is the most obvious, and Heilongjiang Farms &Land Reclamation Administration don’t have the comparative advantage of scale; Then, Hegang Jiamusi Daxing’anling and Farms & Land Reclamation Administration is all in the efficiency of comparative advantages; Finally, integrated view, Daxin’ anling Heihe Hegang and Farms & Land Reclamation Administration are relatively significant comparative advantage.