举物比类与属种归谬:中西哲学论辩原理比较——从墨家辩学和古希腊论辩术说起

Analogy and Absurdity:the Comparisons between Chinese and Western Principle of Philosophical Argumentation Starting from Mohist and Ancient Greek Debate

在先秦哲学文本中是否有逻辑思想或逻辑学,是多年来逻辑史研究者争议的一个重要论题。此论题关涉对中国逻辑思想性质的判定,影响着对中国哲学思维方式特质的把握,以及对中国思想史、文化史、哲学史的判定和写作。论辩活动,抑或论辩术的发展,是逻辑思想和思想论证能够产生和持续的重要因素。墨家辩学是中国古代论辩术的高峰,"助产术"则是古希腊论辩术的运用典范。对墨家辩学和"助产术"的比较分析,有助于说明中西论辩术的原理性差异,依托元层次和对象层次的区分,说明以墨家辩学为代表的中国古代论辩术如何蕴含逻辑思想及其具有的相应特征,从"论辩"这个侧面说明中国古代思想蕴含着丰富的逻辑思想,但又有着与西方逻辑学思想不同的思维原理及其特质。

Logical thought or logic existing in the Pre-Qin philosophical texts or not is an important thesis debating by the in researchers on logic history for many years. This thesis concerns the judgement on the Chinese logic thought,effects the character of the Chinese logic mode of thinking,also the judgement and writing on the Chinese history of thought,cultural history and philosophical history. Philosophical argumentation is a significant factor to create and develop the logical thought and ideological argumentation. The Mohist debate is the climax of the Chinese philosophical argumentation,and the'midwifery'is the paragon of using ancient Greek debate. The comparisons between the Mohist and ancient Greek debate are helpful to explain the difference between Chinese and western philosophical argumentation.