平衡摇臂式悬架车辆转向机构设计方法

Design Methodology of Steering Mechanism on Balance-arm Suspension Vehicle

针对平衡摇臂式悬架车辆无法布置传统的转向梯形机构的问题,提出了一种由空间连杆机构组成的机械式转向传动方案。应用空间函数发生机构的综合原理建立了转向机构的转角关系模型。基于非线性规划遗传算法研究转向机构优化设计方法,并综合考虑两侧转向轮的转角关系、角传动比以及传动角等因素,设计了遗传算法适应度函数。以一款具有平衡摇臂底盘的车辆为实例进行了该转向机构的优化设计。研究结果表明:安装该转向传动机构的车辆,在转向时两侧的转向轮与理想的阿克曼转角关系相比,最大误差不超过1.5°,角传动比在0.72~0.75波动,最小传动角为64.3°。

To solve the problem that steering trapezoidal mechanism cannot be arranged at the vehicles with balance-arm suspension,a mechanical steering transmission scheme composed of spatial linkage mechanism was proposed.The angle relation model of steering mechanism was established by using generative mechanism syntheses principle of spatial function.The optimal design method of steering mechanism was studied on the basis of nonlinear programming genetic algorithm.The fitness function of genetic algorithm was designed by considering both sides of the steering wheel angle relationship,angular velocity ratio,transmission angle and other factors.The optimal design of the steering mechanism was realized by a vehicle with balance-arm chassis.The results show that in the vehicle installed by the designed steering transmission mechanism,the maximumerror of the both sides of steering wheel is less than 1.5° compared with the ideal Ackerman angle relationship.The angular steering ratio fluctuates between 0.72 and 0.75,and the minimum of transmission angle is 64.3°.