拉萨北山地区人工造林绿化树种选择初探

Preliminary study on the selection of afforestation tree species in North mountains of Lhasa

拉萨地处青藏高原腹地,天然植被稀少,生态环境脆弱,造林难度大。为了让拉萨及周边山体绿起来,从该地区的实际情况出发,对拉萨及周边造林绿化树种进行了调查分析,提出了拉萨地区造林绿化树种选择的原则,并对试验区的立地进行了分类及评价,据此选择了适宜该区域的造林绿化树种。研究结果表明:(1)乔木型造林绿化树种主要以杨柳科、松科、柏科、蔷薇科及蝶形花科为主;(2)灌木主要以蔷薇科和蝶形花科为主。目前,拉萨地区的造林绿化效果总体上还不够好。因此,在树种选择上应坚持以乡土树种为主,兼顾生态效益、景观效益、经济效益和社会效益。

Lhasa is located in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The natural vegetation is scarce,the ecological environment is fragile, and the afforestation is difficult. In order to make Lhasa and surrounding mountains green, this article carried out investigation and analysis of Lhasa and surrounding afforestation tree species from the actual situation in the area, proposed the principle of afforestation tree species selection in Lhasa,and classified the site of the experimental area, and then, according to this selected afforestation tree species suitable for the region. The results showed that:(1) arbor-type afforestation tree species mainly consisted of salicaceae,pinaceae, cupressaceae, rosaceae and fabaceae;(2) shrubs mainly consisted of rosaceae and fabaceae. At present, the afforestation and greening effects in the Lhasa area are generally not good enough. Therefore, the selection of tree species should be based on native tree species, taking into account ecological benefits, landscape benefits, economic benefits and social benefits.