汉画像铺首衔环的内涵与功用

The Connotation and Function of the Door Knockers in Han-dynasty Stone Paintings

本文的研究对象是汉代画像石、画像砖上重要题材之一的铺首衔环形象,笔者将其统称为汉画像铺首衔环。经过研究笔者发现,画像铺首衔环形象以金属铺首衔环形象为基础,吸收了商周青铜器上纹饰的一些特征,并结合其功用加入了人面、玉璧等新的元素,是汉画像诸题材中比较能够体现中华文化艺术传承与变迁的一种题材。笔者认为铺首形象比较复杂,是雷神、伏羲、蚩尤、穷奇等神祇的化身。对于其功用,笔者认为画像铺首衔环除了镇墓辟邪的功用外,还具有安魂气的作用,另外环部所代表的玉璧是死者灵魂可以上升天界和仙界的通道。

Door knockers were an important theme of Han-dynasty stone or brick paintings. This paper examines door knockers in such paintings. The author suggests the images of door knockers in the paintings, which show the artistic features of patterns on bronzes of the Shang-Zhou period, were based on the metal ones and integrated with images such as human faces and jade disks. The author believes that the image of the doorknocker was an embodiment of the deities of thunder god, Fuxi, Chiyou, Qiongqi. It not only could expel evils, but also ease the spirit of the deceased, furthermore,the ring of a doorknocker was the path connecting earth to heaven, through which the spirit could ascend into heaven.