北宋妾室制度管窥——以北宋扶风马氏墓志为例

A Brief Study of the Concubine System of the Northern Song Dynasty——Based on the Northern Song Epitaph of Lady Ma of Fufeng

马氏墓志出土于河南伊川万安山南麓,志文详细记述了北宋名臣范纯礼之妾马氏的生平事迹,反映了宋代妾室出身贫寒、幼年为妾,侍奉主母、尊卑严明,生儿育女,崇佛情节,妾出子女地位提高的特点。通过与正妻墓志的比较分析,本文认为正妻地位尊贵,享有一定的政治、经济及生活方面的特权;而妾室在家庭生活中常常被边缘化。另外本文认为宋代纳妾现象普遍的原因主要是子嗣观念的增强、贪图妾室之美色、贪图享乐的生活、身份地位的象征。

Unearthed from the south foot of the Wan’an Mountain in Yichuan County, Henan Province, the epitaph tablet of Lady Ma, a concubine of the notable Northern Song official Fan Chunli, records Ma’s life story and reflects the enhancement of women’s social status. Through a comparative analysis of Ma’s epitaph and that of Fan Chunren’s wife,this paper believes in a family, the wife enjoyed privilege while the concubines were marginalized. The paper also thinks the prevalence of concubinage in the Song dynasty rooted in the strengthened idea of having more children. Concubinage was also needed to improving a man’s sexual life and enhancing his social status.