对现代博物馆定义的考察:构成、挑战与回应

On the Definition of Modern Museums

博物馆定义在现代博物馆的发展中发挥着基础导向性作用,一个完整的博物馆定义通常由目标、性质、功能和工作对象这几方面要素构成。本文认为,现有的主流博物馆定义的构成要素正面临着来自现代社会的挑战,即商业化对博物馆目标的挑战,多元化对博物馆性质的挑战,社会化对博物馆功能的挑战。为了回应上述挑战,我国需要结合国情,从社会性、时代性、特色性、创新性四个方面着手重塑博物馆定义,从而更好地满足博物馆发展的需要。

The definition of museum plays a fundamental guiding role in the development of modern museums.A complete definition of a museum usually consists of the objectives,nature,function and working objects.This paper argues that the elements of the existing mainstream museum definitions are facing challenges from modern society,namely the challenges of commercialization to museum objectives,the challenges of diversity to the nature of museums,and the challenges of socialization to museum functions.In responding to the above challenges,China needs to reshape the definition of museums from the four aspects of sociality,era,characteristics and innovation to better meet the needs of museum development.