对石油化工设计本质安全管理工作的再认识

New recognition on intrinsic safety management in petrochemical engineering

石油化工是高风险行业,其项目属于国家重点监管(监管工艺及监管危险化学品)类别,危险化学品又是重大危险源,即"两重点一重大"项目。倡导基于风险控制的科学合理、性能可靠的本质安全化设计,加强设计本质安全管理,针对项目不同阶段开展风险识别活动,明确各阶段的风险识别和风险评价的程序、方法和工具,将风险识别和风险评价贯穿于设计、投料试车全过程非常重要。工艺安全是本质安全化设计的核心,从源头提升设计本质安全水平,可有效降低事故发生的概率。要在危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)的基础上,通过保护层分析(LOPA)进一步确定安全仪表功能(SIF)及其相应的功能安全要求或安全完整性的等级(SIL)。

The petrochemical processing is a high-risk industry. The petrochemical projects are the pro-jects strictly under the supervision of China’s state authorities( the supervision of process and supervision ofhazardous chemical products). The hazardous chemicals are also the hazardous sources,ie 'Two Keys andOne Major'. The scientific and reliable intrinsic safety design which is based upon the risk control is recom-mended. The intrinsic safety management should be strengthened. The risk recognition and risk evaluationprocedures,method and tools should be defined for different stages of the project. It is very important to im-plement the risk recognition and risk evaluation in the whole process of engineering,test run and commissio-ning. Whereas,the process safety design is the core of intrinsic safety design. The intrinsic safety level shouldbe raised from very beginning so as to effectively reduce the occurrence of accidents. The safe instrument func-tions( SIF),the safety requirements and safety integration level( SIL) of instruments should be definedthrough LOPA on the basis of HAZOP study.