国际休闲研究综述——基于Journal of Leisure Research、Leisure Sciences、Leisure Studies的统计分析

A Review of International Leisure Research: Statistical Analysis based on Journal of Leisure Research, Leisure Sciences and Leisure Studies

西方国家对休闲的研究已有长达百余年的历史,而中国休闲研究历程至今不过20余年,且对国外休闲相关研究缺乏全面的认识。文章在回溯国外主流休闲概念的前提下,以Web of Science数据库收录的2005—2018年国外休闲研究领域中3大权威期刊的1149篇文献为基础,借助Citespace软件对该领域的知识基础、研究热点和趋势进行可视化分析,进而系统梳理和总结国外休闲研究的理论进展和主要研究内容。研究发现,国外休闲研究具有研究内容广泛、研究范式和方法综合、基础理论体系完善、研究对象复杂等特征。未来中国休闲研究应注重研究范式和方法的交叉转型和多元融合,加快本土休闲研究的理论支撑体系构建,强调从休闲的人本价值视角展开研究,加强休闲与旅游相互关系研究等。

While Western countries have been researching on leisure for over a hundred years, this discipline has a short history of less than 20 years in China. Thus, a relatively mature research system on this field has been formed in the West, whereas China still lacks both an internal system and a comprehensive understanding of foreign leisure-related research. As a result, attention must be paid to the academic development of foreign leisure studies, for the accurate understanding of its research development trends is of great significance to the development of leisure studies in China. In light of this facts and upon the premise of reviewing foreign mainstream leisure research, this study fists visualized the knowledge base, research hotspots and research trends of foreign leisure based on 1149 papers taken out of three authoritative journals(i. e., Journal of Leisure Research, Leisure Sciences,Leisure Studies) from 2005 to 2018 in the Web of Science database using Citespace, and then systematically reviewed and summarized the theoretical progress and main research content.As a result of this analysis, the present study offers the following conclusions: First, foreign scholars have interpreted the concept of leisure from four different dimensions: time, activity,experience and status. Second, foreign leisure research has entered into an active period since the1980 s, and the interpretivism paradigm has played an important role on this phenomenon, while'Amateurs, professionals, and serious leisure'are the most quoted topics. Third, the multi-disciplinary development trend of foreign leisure research is rather obvious. Theories of other disciplines, such as the theory of place attachment, planned behavior and self-determination have been introduced into leisure studies based on the gradual maturity of endogenous theories(i. e., serious leisure, recreation specialization, and leisure constraints). Lastly, foreign leisure research comprises a relatively mature system;new hotspots have emerged in the course of research evolution, and the previous research topics have continued to deepen, including leisure research based on individual/group characteristics,leisure research based on activity types, leisure research based on psychological experiences, family and community leisure research, leisure and work research, leisure and social capital research, leisure and social justice research, leisure and tourism research, leisure and health research, as well as mega event research.In general, future Chinese leisure research needs to pay attention to the following points. First, it is urgent to strengthen the application of qualitative research methods such as ethnographic research and qualitative interviews, and emphasize the paradigm and methods of cross-transformation and multivariate fusion. Second, it is imperative to introduce advanced foreign theories and strengthen the review of existing leisure theories. At the same time, it is necessary to build a theoretical supporting system for China’s indigenous leisure research through the intersection of disciplines. Thirdly, in addition to researching on the social value of leisure, future research also needs to focus on the humanistic value of leisure and guide the research direction back to the investigation of the relationship between leisure and people. Lastly, due to the intertwined issues of leisure and tourism in the Chinese context, it is necessary to clarify the concept of leisure and return to the exploration of the relationship between leisure and tourism.