基于GPS轨迹栅格化的旅游行为空间模式分析

Spatial Pattern Analysis of Tourist Behavior based on Rasterization of GPS Trajectories

选择GPS轨迹内涵的移动速度、速度波动特征、移动状态持续时间、数据异常点等旅游行为基本特征,作为旅游行为模式分类的基础,文章提出了GPS轨迹栅格化的概念模式,设计了基于GPS轨迹栅格化的旅游行为空间模式表达方法。该方法不仅能够区分观光式、休憩式和乘车式3种不同类型的旅游行为空间模式,而且能够描述旅游空间任意位置的主导行为模式,可以解决旅游时空行为和旅游地理格局与过程的精细化定量研究。九寨沟实例研究证明,栅格化的旅游行为空间模式计算结果与其他数据源的研究结果基本一致,但描述视角更丰富、时空精度更高。该方法能够对旅游时空行为的研究提供支持,提高旅游地理学研究的精细程度,案例计算结果可以为旅游地规划与管理,特别是为观光路线和景区引导设计提供参考。

Location-based services that utilize GPS are convenient for travel.The GPS data collected by such services can be used to investigate tourist behavior and plan tourism products.GPS data include location and time and thus can be used to reconstruct tourist time-space behavior.GPS trajectories are more reliable than data obtained from questionnaires and other types of tourist information.Based on the characteristics of GPS trajectories,such as movement velocity,velocity fluctuation,movement duration,and data anomalies,this study rasterizes GPS trajectories and proposes a method for representing tourist behavioral spatial patterns.This method can distinguish three types of tourist behavioral spatial patterns,namely the sightseeing tour,recreational tour,and bus tour.In addition,it can indicate the dominant behavior pattern anywhere in a tourist area.This information can be used to quantitatively study tourist time-space behavior and tourism geography.An empirical study conducted on Jiuzhai Valley demonstrates that GPS trajectories can be used to characterize the spatial distribution patterns of different types of tourist under multiple temporal and spatial scales.The tourist behavior characteristics of the spatial distribution model are obvious.For the entire tourist area,sightseeing tours are found to be concentrated in Shuzheng Valley and Rize Valley.Colorful Pond and Lang Lake are typical landscapes in Zechawa Valley.From the spatial scale of a single sightseeing line,sightseeing is concentrated in the'Heye Village-Tiger Lake'section in Shuzheng Valley and the'Mirror Lake-Pearl Shoal-Five Flower Lake-Arrow Bamboo Lake'section in Rize Valley.From the spatial scale of a single landscape,Shuzheng Lakes,Nuorilang Lakes,Pearl Shoal,Five Flower Lake,Panda Lake,and Arrow Bamboo Lake are the most popular sightseeing spots.The results of the rasterized tourist behavior spatial model are basically consistent with other data sources,but the model provides a richer perspective for research and gives higher spatio-temporal accuracy.The proposed method can be used for research on tourist space-time behavior and tourism geography.The results can provide a reference for the planning and management of tourism destinations,especially sightseeing routes and scenic guide design.