面向对外汉语教学的疑问代词“怎么”非疑问用法研究

The Study of Non- interrogative Usageof the Interrogative Pronoun“ Zenme” in the Teaching of Chinese as a For eign Language

疑问代词"怎么"非疑问用法是对外汉语教学中的难点和重点,究其具体用法,可从语义角度将其分为任指、虚指、定指、列指;从语用角度分为表达反问语气和特殊情绪。教学过程中可先为学生布置对应的任务,梳理列举出句法形式;再分析与非疑问用法的"怎么"易混淆的各个词的异同;同时结合学生母语与汉语的对比讲解具体句子;坚持结合语境进行教学,使学生理解非疑问用法的"怎么"的语用功能,以此提高学生的交际能力。

The non-interrogative usage of the interrogative pronoun " Zenme" is a difficult and important point in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. As to its specific usages, the semantic usage of " zenme" can be divided into all-inclusive nature, implicit nature, definite nature and illustrative nature while the pragmatic usage can be divided into rhetorical question and special emotion. In teaching, teachers are suggested to arrange corresponding tasks, comb and list relevant syntactic forms, and then analyze the similarities and differences between" zenme" and its confusable synonyms. In the meantime, teachers can compare some specific sentences written in the mother language with those written in Chinese language. Teaching of " zenme" should always go with specific contexts for students to have a clear understanding of the pragmatic usage of" zenme" as a non-interrogative pronoun, thus enhancing their communicative capability.