章太炎早期的语言文字实践与理论——以《章太炎说文解字授课笔记》为中心

Zhang Taiyan’s Early Practice and Theory of Chinese Linguistic

《章太炎说文解字授课笔记》是章太炎1908年至1909年在日本东京讲授《说文解字》时的课堂笔记,大约与《新方言》(1907-1909)、《小学答问》(1909)等著作同时,反映了章太炎早期的语言文字研究特点。章太炎将此前的考据成果融入讲课之中,也为具体的著述提供了翔实的案例;在整体理论方面,《笔记》反映了章太炎对《说文》形音义系统的全面把握,体现出他考求本字、沟通雅俗的自觉追求,并具备了古音体系和词源理论的雏形。在以《说文》为核心的语言文字研究的基础上,章太炎在《国故论衡》(1910)、《文始》(1913)等相关著述进一步提出了以'形体声类,更相扶胥''比次声音,推迹故训'为核心的词源研究方法,标志着章太炎词源理论的成熟,实现从围绕《说文》为核心的语言文字研究,到《文始》的全面词源研究的历史跨越。

In 1908 Zhang Taiyan gave a series of lecture about Shuowenjiezi for students studying abroad in Tokyo. The note is an important and valuable material for us to understand Zhang Taiyan’s early practice and theory on Chinese Linguistic.Through the comparison of the Notes of New Dialect(1907—1909), Xiaoxuedawen(1909), Wenshi( 1913) and other related works, we can find Zhang’s development in the understanding of Shuowenjiezi, Old Chinese phonology as well as the etymological theory. Based on the recognition of form-sound relation and sound-meaning rule in traditional philology, Zhang surpassed the traditional etymological studies and laid the foundation for the modem etymological study.