敦煌马圈湾汉简简化字及其汉字学价值考

The Simplified Chinese Characters in Han Dynasty Wooden Slips of“Dunhuang’s Majuanwan”(敦煌马圈湾)and Their Value on the Chinese Philology

完成于西汉中后期的敦煌马圈湾汉简存有大量现行简化字的草书字。这些字可分为整字简化、偏旁简化、整字及作偏旁时皆简化和同音替代等四类,其简化方式主要有线条代替整字或偏旁、一笔代多笔、简单构件代替复杂构件和省略构件等几种。它们与相应的繁体使用量差距不大,说明在汉代边塞地区,书写简化形体已是日常用字约定俗成的普遍现象。这些简化字具有重要的汉字学价值:为现行简化字提供直接字形来源;作为驳斥反对使用简化字,提倡恢复繁体字主张的证据;完善相应汉字的发展史等。

There are many cursive script characters of the current simplified Chinese characters in Han Dynasty wooden slips of "Dunhuang’s Majuanwan(敦煌马圈湾)"which written in middle-late of "Xihan(西汉)".They may be divided into four types of to simplify the whole characters, to simplify their component, to simplify the whole characters and when as a component, to replace another complex form because have the same pronunciation. The way of simplification including using the line instead of the whole characters or their component, a stroke instead of a few stroke, simple component instead of complex component and omit the component. To the number that they be used, there are not obvious differences between them and their traditional Chinese characters, which showed that in the frontier region of Han Dynasty, it is a common phenomenon to write the simplified form of Chinese characters. They have important value on the Chinese philology, which is to provide direct source for the current simplified Chinese characters, as an evidence for to refute the proposition of to reject using the simplified Chinese characters, but advocate using traditional Chinese characters, and to perfect the history of some Chinese characters.