“莫大”的词汇化及语义演变解释

On the Lexicalization and Semantic Changes of Moda(莫大)

现代汉语“莫大”是形容词,为“极大”义,但是并不具有构词方式的像似性和语义表达的透明度。文章归纳出“莫大”的历时句法格式变化,认为“莫大”的词汇化源于“莫大”句在语义范畴上由比较级比较到最高级比较再到通比性比较的更替,而对“焉”的重新认识及其使用上的省略使其固定义“极大”稳定下来,相应地在结构上经历了“代词+形容词”到临时跨层组合再到词汇词的演变。在共时上,“莫大”的使用呈现明显的倾向性,而“P莫大焉”以构式方式整体保留下来。

Moda(莫大)is an adjective and its meaning is vast. But the word neither has iconicity on the word formation nor transparency on the semantic representation. This paper makes a study on syntactic formal change of the word and we think that it had taken semantic changes from the comparative degree to the superlative degree and to comparability. There is a clear tendency to the word on diachronic perspective.