孙星衍平津馆仿宋刊本《说文解字》考论

On the Version of Shuowenjiezi Published by Sun Xingyan’s Pingjinguan Press

孙星衍平津馆仿宋刊本《说文解字》是清代《说文》流传史上的重要刊本。关于该书的底本,学界曾多有讨论但仍多误解。今据孙星衍的手批书稿、藏书跋文和书札等相关史料,知孙星衍于嘉庆十二年(1807)冬借得额勒布藏小字本《说文》后,交顾广圻主持翻刻,于嘉庆十五年(1810)前后刊成。孙星衍原拟另以姚文田辑录、严可均编纂的群书引《说文》为基础,请顾广圻审定之后,作《说文》校记附书而行,但由于严可均和顾广圻在校勘理念和结论上的分歧而中辍。今题顾广圻撰的《说文考异》,实为平津馆《说文解字》校记残稿,而严可均《说文校议》和顾广圻《说文辨疑》,集中体现了两人参与平津馆《说文》校勘工作时的校勘理念和校勘结论。比较额本和孙本的文字、刻工、行款,知孙本较为忠实地依底本翻刻,体现了刊刻主持者顾广圻“不校校之”的学术主张。唯额本底本漫漶之处,孙本间有误字。在翻刻的过程中,新增讹误亦在所难免。这些问题,是今人使用孙本《说文》及由此衍生的陈昌治本时,尤其应当注意的。

Sun Xingyan published the famous version of Shuowenjiezi which was called the Pingjinguan Press version. Scholars have some guesses on its original based version, but still much misunderstanding. According to Sun Xingyan’s letters and other related materials, this essay pointed out that the Shuowen borrowed from Elebu by Sun in 1807 was the original version of Pingjinguan Press,and the publication was under the help of Gu Guangqi.Sun also invited Yan Kejun to make a textual criticism on the basis of Yao Wentian’s work. Sun intended to publish Pingjinguan Shuowenjiezi together with the text criticism.However, due to the disputes between Yan Kejun and Gu Guangqi,this textual criticism failed to complete at last. Sun’ s version was faithful to its original version, while there were still some new errors.