“要不是”违实句探析

On the Counterfactual Sentence Yaobushi(要不是)

现代汉语中,“要+不是”格局的“要不是”主要有四种用法:直陈条件句、选择关系句、假转关系句、违实条件句。违实条件句占绝对优势。从违实解读的实现路径看,违实条件句“要不是”有三种:正推式、倒推式、评价式。正推式占绝对优势。就时制和时体而言,违实句“要不是”通常用于过去时和现在时,少量也可用于“近现在的将来”;同时,后件句末“了”表示已然对于“要不是”实现违实解读十分重要。违实句“要不是”的前、后件均为假命题,文章重点分析了后件为假对后件语言形式的影响,主要有四种:1.否定标记;2.反问句;3.心理动词;4.含否定义的词汇成分。违实“要不是”与直陈“要不是”在韵律上也有所不同,主要表现在停顿和重音两个方面。

In contemporary Chinese,Yaobushi(要不是)can express four kinds of meaning:1)indicative conditional;2)selective relation;3)hypothetical and negative adversative relation;4)counterfactual conditional. The fourth is predominant and can be further divided into three types:forward reasoning,inverted reasoning and evaluative reasoning.The first is the most common.The counterfactual conditional Yaobushi(要不是)is mainly used in the present and past tense and occasionally can be used in the present-close future.That the le(了) at the end of the sentence expresses the already-happened event is important for Yaobushi(要不是)to realize the counterfactual interpretation. This article also analyzed the negative expressions of the consequence clause and the prosodic differences between the indicative conditional Yaobushi(要不是)and the counterfactual conditional Yaobushi(要不是).