毛氏汲古阁本《说文解字》刊印源流新考

New Textual Criticism of Printing Origin and Development of Shuowenjiezi(说文解字)of Mao jiguge Version

目前学界对毛氏汲古阁本《说文》的刊印源流虽有大致梳理,但对该本的具体分期及各时期版本特征等尚缺详尽考证。本文结合相关文献,认为此本在清代共经四次刊印:康熙年间,毛康在朱彝尊的影响下依其父遗留旧版首次重校印行。从存世的毛康手校本看,此次刊印版式已定,文内已有校改,但无增阴文篆字、旁增小字及添加附录等情况。之后毛康继续订补书版,增添了附录,但卒前未能再印。乾隆前期,书版归祁门马氏并获得重印,从《四库》本看,此本已旁增小字、且增加了阴文篆字,并添加了附录。乾隆中期,朱筠访得马氏印本进行重校翻刻,《说文》始大行于世。乾隆后期,版归苏州钱听默,钱氏参考朱氏印本等重校修版印行。此本初印里封有萃古斋印,增篆、旁增小字及附录一应俱全,文字颇有修改,后世所谓'剜改本'即指此。嘉庆以后,毛氏书版渐渐湮灭,钱氏与朱氏二印本则相继受到青睐。了解汲古阁本的刊印源流,可以把握其在不同时期的刊印动因和版本特征,进而重估其在清代说文学上的地位和价值。

Atpresent,although the academic circles have generally combed printing origin and development of Jigugeversion'shuowen'(说文),there is still a lack of detailed research on the specific stages of the version and the characteristics of the versions of each period.This article combines the relevant literature and believes that this version experienced four times of print in the Qing dynasty:during Kangxiperiod,under the influence of Zhu Yizun(朱彝尊),Maoyirevised and printed his father’s printing plate for the first time.from the perspective of the surviving version of Maoyi proofreading,the printing format has been set.there have been revisions in the text,but there are no Xiaozhuan(小篆)with white character with black,additions to the small characters,and additions to the appendix.Afterwards,Maoyi continued to update printing plate and added an appendix,but he could not print it again before his death.In the early period of Qianlong,the printing plate was returned to Ma shi in qi men(祁门马氏)and reprinted,from the'Imperial Collection of Four'version,this version has been supplemented with small words and increase Xiaozhuan(小篆)with white character with black,and an appendix has been added.In the middle period of Qianlong,Zhuyun(朱筠)found the Ma shi’s version,and let someone re-edit and reprint,'shuowen'(说文)began to become popular in society.In the late Qianlong period,the printing plate was returned to Qiantingmo(钱听默)in Suzhou and with reference to Zhushi printed copy,Qianshibegan to reprint.cover of this early version has a'Cuiguzhai'(萃古斋)seal,and those phenomenon that addition of Xiaozhuan(小篆)with white character with black,additions to the small characters and additions to the appendix are all available.the text has been modified,that is the so-called'Wangaiben'(剜改本)in later generations.After Jiaqingdynasty,when Mao yi’s old printing plategradually disappeared,andZhu shi’s printing version and Qianshi’s one was sequentiallyfavored.To understand printing origin and development of Jigugeversion,we can grasp its publication motivation and edition characteristics at different times,and then reappraise its status and value in Qing dynasty.