关于汉语侗台语关系词判别的几点反思

Reflections on the Discrimination of Relative words Between Chinese and Kam-Tai Languages

通过考察目标关系词在相应语言内部是否存在有规律分布的同源序列,可以对该词的来源进行初步判断。借助这一方法,对郑伟先生《释古越语'市'及相关音韵现象——兼论<颜氏家训>'南染吴越'的词汇表现》一文中所举的四组汉语侗台语的'关系字(词)'材料进行了考察,认为它们均属汉语固有词,并不能反映江东方言对山越语的沾染借用,并且其中'凯'、'■'、'■'三例作为汉语侗台语关系词的可靠性存在欠缺。在'关系词'研究中,一要注意同源关系的考察,二要注意意义的准确对应,三要注意语音的规律对应,四要注意对方言本字的考察。

Study on four relative words chosen from the Etymon of Fu in the Ancient JiangDong Dialect and its Phonological Explanation,It is considered that they belong to the Chinese native words,and can’t reflect the borrowing of Kam-Tai Languages by the Jiangdong dialect in the Wei,Jin,and the northern and southern Dynasties.In the study of'relation words',We should pay attention to the investigation of the homologous relationship firstly,secondly we should pay attention to the exact correspondence of the meaning,thirdly we should pay attention to the correspondence of the law of phonetics,and fourthly we should pay attention to the investigation of original dialect word.