“有”与“N”组构的语义负向偏移——以“有意见”为例

Semantic Negative Deviation of You(有)and N——taking you yijian(有意见)as an example

文章以'有'与'N'组构并发生语义负向偏移的个案'有意见'为例,从语义发生偏移的制约因素来探究语义负向偏移的根本原因。通过对相关语料的考察与分析,发现知域'有意见'的语义负向偏移现象发生在评价性的语境中,并且其关涉对象必须是无标记的。从名词'意见'的配价情况来看,知域'有意见'实际存在两个关涉对象,通过语句推导,得知其关涉对象的隐涵属性义成分含有负向[-正常]义素,这是语义发生负向偏移的关键。并认为,'有+N'语义发生负向偏移的原因具有一致性,其语用因素为关联理论下的弱暗含效应。

Based on negative semantic deviation of'you'(有)and'N'organization,it takes you yijian(有意见)as the research object,and aims to reveal the basic motivation of the negative deviation from the semantic shift factors.Researching and analyzing the related linguistic data,the negative semantic deviation of youyijian(有意见)occurs in the appraisive contexts,and the object concerned is unmarked.Considering the cordination valence of the noun'yi jian'(意见),youyijian(有意见)in the domain of knowing involves two objects.And according to the relevant statements,its implicit attribute ingredients contain negative direction[-normal]semanteme,which is the key to the semantic negative deviation.It is concluded that the reasons for the negative semantic deviation are consistent in you+N structures,and the pragmatic factors are weak entailment under the relevance theory.