没有硝烟的“战争”——1958年台海危机期间的美台关系

A War without Fire-the Relationship between U.S.and Taiwan during the 1958's Taiwan Strait Crisis

冷战时期的美国和台湾,在现实危机的趋迫下,双方确立彼此互利的交集,并建立合作的关系。两者之间的关系虽然密切,但在追求或维护自身的利益时,也不免引发相互间的不信任和猜疑。对美国来说,1968年危机的发生,部分是由于国民党利用沿海岛屿作为骚扰中国大陆的基地所引起,尤其是蒋介石的屯兵之举,可能迫使美国卷入与中国的冲突。为避免卷入不是自己选择的战争,在危机期间,美国执行保台与遏台的双重策略。而国民党为了政权的生存,也必须竭力维护自己的权益,在这样的情势下,双方展开一连串的外交折冲,其结果是各有得失。

In his memoir,Dr.Yu Ta-wei,the former Minister of Defense of the Nationalist China,said that during the Kinman(Quemoy)crisis ,the Nationalists (Chiang Kai-shek government)were fighting on two fronts: militarily with China,on one side and diplomatically with the United States on the other.The uneasy relationship between Chiang and the U.S.mainly out of their military strategy and foreign policy.The basic ideas of Chiang's strategy were connected with the American commitment in East Asia while looking for the promotion of his political objectives of national survival and unification.Undoubtedly,coincidence of national interests in anti-communism did not always assure a coincidence of national objective,especially in the offshore island problem.Chiang' s intention was to establish a connection between the offshore island and Taiwan,so that it could a military attack on the Mainland,but the United States did not want to risk of the war with China,possibly, even the Soviet Union.The 1958 Kinman crisis was a testing case.The United States had to help the Nationalist to defend the offshore islands,but Eisenhower and his advisors concluded that the U.S.could not stand anymore.After the crisis was defused, Secretary of State Dulles came to Taipei to talk with Chiang to clarify their basic positions.The so-called'Chiang-Dulles Communique',in which Chiang proclaim abandon his claim to recover the Mainland with force,was the final result,In a sense Chiang and Nationalist were defeated and subdued.