中国“旋风”:周恩来1957年1月的穿梭外交及其影响

"Whirlwind"of China:Zhou Enlai's Shuttle Diplomacy in January 1957 and its Impact

苏共二十大和波匈事件接连给社会主义阵营带来了强烈的冲击,苏联和东欧各国在不同程度上陷入了困境,而中国共产党凭借其经验、实力和理论水平,在国际共产主义运动中的威望和影响节节攀升。为了巩固社会主义的阵地,加强社会主义各国之间的团结,苏东各国纷纷要求中国领导人正式出访欧洲。周恩来立即中断其亚洲之行,在苏、波、匈三国开展了近两周的穿梭外交,为巩固社会主义阵营发挥了重要作用,并在社会主义阵营进一步强化了中国"旋风"。这次外交活动是中苏政治合作的充分体现,但在接受中共批评的同时,苏共也开始感受到来自北京的挑战。

The Twentieth Congress of the Soviet Communist Party and the Polish and Hungarian Incidents created shocks to the socialist camp,rendering the Soviet Union and East European countries in dilemmas of various degrees.By contrast,the Chinese Communist Party,because of its experience,strength,and theoretical level,gained increasing prestige and influence within the international Communist movement.In order to fortify the position of the socialist camp and to strengthen the unity among socialist countries,one East European country after another asked Chinese leaders to make official visits to Europe.In response,Zhou Enlai interrupted his trip in Asia and conducted shuttle diplomacy in the Soviet Union,Poland,and Hungary for two weeks.He made an important contribution to the consolidation of the socialist camp,unleashing a Chinese'whirlwind'in the socialist world.Zhou's diplomatic activities fully reflected the political cooperation between China and the Soviet Union.Facing criticism of the Chinese Communist Party,the Soviet Communist Party began to feel the challenge from Beijing.