国共内战时期东北地方层面上的中苏关系——以旅大地区苏军《实话报》为例

Mutual Approach and Cooperation between the CCP and the USSR during the Civil War Period Focusing on the Shi-hua Bao Newspaper in Dalian

本文旨在以驻旅大地区苏军占领当局发行的中文报纸《实话报》为切入点,通过报社的运营、刊载内容两个方面,来考察国共内战时期地方政权层面上的中苏合作的具体特点,以及该时期苏联驻外机构的对外宣传的实质和内容,进而从地方政权层面的视点来探讨中苏同盟关系的形成过程。二战后,随着苏联红军和中共军队进驻中国东北,中苏双方在地方层面上发生大量实质性接触,两者关系不再停留于以往的以最高指挥部为主的单一局面。在苏军的大力扶持下,由中共主导成立了大连地方政权。面对来自国民政府的外交压力,该政权名义上为地方自治政权,实质上在中共旅大地方党组织~①的控制下运行。中共同苏方于国共内战时期展开了紧密合作,为其后的中苏间的国家同盟关系的形成提供了物质基础。需要注意的是,双方这种地方层面上的合作的形成并非一帆风顺,其是在中苏力量对比悬殊的制约以及复杂的国际形势下,不断克服一系列的利益冲突而逐步发展起来的。因此,把握住中共与苏联地方层面合作关系的特点,将有助于理解这一时期的中共与苏联之间的关系。本文的研究对象《实话报》,是驻旅大地区苏军当局在中共的协助下,于当地发行的面向该地区读者的中文报纸。《实话报》的产生是中共与苏联在旅大地区战略利益一致的结果;而《实话报》内中苏工作人员间的合作则典型地折射出此期中共与苏联地方层面关系的实质。本文采用口述历史与文献研究相结合的研究手法,以当事人回忆录、中共党史文献等为主要利用材料。

Different from the early studies that were conceived to emphasize diplomatic relations and military actions,this paper attempts to employ a new approach that focuses on a Chinese-language newspaper,Shi-hua Bao,released by Soviet military.More concretely,this paper probes into not only the cooperation mechanism between Chinese and the Soviet,including the formation process and solution of the conflicts between the two.It does this from the perspective of the daily operations of the newspaper,such as personnel system,editorials,contents and guidelines of the newspaper.The primary sources employed in this paper mainly include the reminiscences of the staffs in the Shi-hua Bao,the interview with the core member in Chinese staff,as well as the Shi-hua Bao in microfilm form.