小胶质细胞在缺血性中风后作用研究

Role of Microglia in Ischemic Stroke

缺血性中风是因栓塞或者血栓引起的大脑中血管阻塞。其全球病死率高,是长期致残的主要原因。缺血性中风发生后,中枢神经系统的常驻免疫细胞小胶质细胞(Microglia)的过度活化会抑制中枢神经系统的修复甚至进一步加重脑组织损伤。但也可以清除细胞碎片,在缺血性中风发生之后的神经重塑和神经发生中发挥重要作用。近年的研究发现,小胶质细胞之所以拥有神经保护和神经毒性的双重作用,主要因为其表型具有高度可塑性。在缺血性中风发生后,因其表型的改变,不同极化状态的小胶质细胞对中风的预后产生了不同的影响。文章将介绍小胶质细胞在缺血性中风后发挥的双重作用。

Ischemic stroke is an occlusion of blood vessels in the brain caused by embolism or thrombosis. It is the main cause of long-term disability with high global mortality rate. After the occurrence of ischemic stroke,excessive activation of microglia,the resident immune cell of the central nervous system,inhibits repair of the central nervous system and even further aggravates brain damage. However,it can also remove cell debris and play an important role in nerve remodeling and neurogenesis after the occurrence of ischemic stroke. Recent studies have found that microglia cells have the dual role of neuroprotection and neurotoxicity,mainly because of their highly malleable phenotype. After ischemic stroke,microglia with different polarization states have different effects on the prognosis of stroke due to changes in their phenotype. This article will introduce the dual role of microglia in ischemic stroke.