理想人格下的“正”“反”原旨与误用——《老子》“阴谋说”的辩证逻辑溯源

The Original Meanings and Misuse of Straight(正) and Opposite(反) Based on Ideal Personality:The Dialectic Logic as the Rootcause of Conspiracy Theory in Lao-tzu

《老子》不是阴谋之说,但现代学者从辩证法的角度解释《老子》并不能洗脱其与阴谋说的联系,相反却潜在地为阴谋论提供了理论基础。彻底解决问题的关键是真正理解《老子》的理想人格,理解《老子》所包含的"有"、"无"和"正"、"反"两层对立关系。其中,"无"是《老子》无欲无知无德无我的、非社会的理想人格和精神自由,"有"与"无"相对而统摄"正"、"反",辩证法分析只适用于"有"的层次、只适用于处理"正""反"关系。而《老子》的价值追求是"无",是"无"对"有"、对"正""反"辩证循环的消解、抽离和超越。阴谋论和辩证法对《老子》思想的变异在于:它们都忽视了"无"的层面,而只关注"有"的层面;只看到"正""反"的辩证转化,并加以利用,企图在其中树立《老子》的价值目标和行事准则。

Lao-tzu is not on conspiracy theory. However,what the way modern researchers interpret Lao-tzu is the dialectic logic,which failed eliminating suspicion about conspiracy theory,instead provided theoretical basis potentially. The key to resolve the problem is to understand ideal personality in Lao-tzu,to understand two layers of contrastive relation in Lao-tzu: Being( 有) and Non-Being( 无),Straight( 正) and Opposite( 反). Non-Being( 无) denotes the nonsocial and ideal personality and spiritual freedom. Being( 有),in contrast of Non-Being( 无),contains Straight( 正) and Opposite( 反). The dialectic analysis refers only to Being( 有) and the relation of Straight( 正) and Opposite( 反). However the ultimate idea in Lao-tzu is Non-Being( 无),is exterminating and transcending Being( 有) and the relation of Straight( 正) and Opposite( 反). The conspiracy theory and dialectic logic misrepresent the thought of Lao-tzu. It means that they both disregard Non-Being( 无),just focusing on Being( 有) and transition between Straight( 正) and Opposite( 反),on make use of the transition to establish practical principles.