非农就业导致农户生产投入及其效率下降了吗?——来自浙江传统粮区的调查

Does Non-Farm Employment Lead to the Decease of Farmers Production Input and Efficiency?——Based on the Survey from Traditional Grain Region in Zhejiang Province

农户非农就业水平提高是否会导致农业生产投入减少及其效率下降,一直存在着争论。针对这一问题,文章以非农就业时间为衡量标准,对不同非农就业水平下的农户生产投入予以定量分析,在此基础上运用DEA分析法测度其生产效率。研究结果表明:虽然高非农就业水平农户劳动、土地投入明显下降,但直接投入并不比低水平农户少许多。高水平农户更倾向于用资本弥补劳动投入不足以保证其产出。非农就业水平与农业生产效率并不是简单的线性关系,二者大致呈倒U型曲线变化规律,农业用工量的适当减少在一定程度上促进了生产效率的提升。导致非农就业差异下的效率不高主要源于纯技术效率过低,同时生产规模偏小、要素配置不合理也是其中原因之一。

It has still been controversial on whether the increasing level of non-farm employment leads to production investment reduction and its efficiency decline. About this problem,the paper takes the non-farm employment time as a measure. Rural households' inputs of production are analyzed quantitatively under the different level of non-farm employment. DEA method is applied to measure its' efficiency. The results show that although farmers' labor and land inputs,with high level of non-farm employment,decrease significantly,the direct inputs are not much less than the low level of farmers,especially basic inputs such as seeds,fertilizers,etc. High level farmers are more inclined to use the capital to compensate for their lack of labor inputs. The relationship between non-farm employment level and production efficiency is not simply negative. It roughly shows inverted U-curve variation rule. Appropriate reduction of labor input promotes production efficiency to some extent. Low efficiency is mainly from low pure-technical efficiency under the different level of non-farm employment. Meanwhile,small land scale and unreasonable allocation of production factors are also one of reasons.