传统型社区向科层化社区的转型:一个跨空间的比较

The Transformation from Traditional Community to Bureaucratic Community——A Comparison across Space

制度变迁带有明显地路径依赖特色,但内外环境的变化又会促进制度要素的多重更迭,从而使制度演化表现出继承性与更替性的双重特点。作为我国城镇化进程中出现的特殊社区形态之一,农转居社区在我国北方生发出一种既承接历史又融合当代特点的传统型社区治理形态,这种治理形态以纵横结合的方式表现出权威的二重性与内部自治的贯通性特性;而在同期的苏南一带,其社区治理则突破传统迈向科层化的社区治理形态,这种形态虽然在形式上保留了权威的二重性,但权威的实现形式与内部自治的横向贯通都发生了明显的裂变。在中观治理结构上,科层化社区治理的转型并未产生明显的制度创新,却在微观层面上瓦解着社区自治的生态循环,如果被其短期效益吸引而扩散其应用范围,则会对其他地区的自治制度创新产生更多的负面影响,应引起各方的关注。

Community,as a basic system of first-level social governance,is playing an increasingly prominent role in the progress of China’s social transformation. As a special community form in the process of urbanization in China,Farmer-to-resident community in north of China creates a traditional community governance form which undertaking history and confusing some kind of contemporary characteristics with double source of authority and self-government system cross several levels within the community.Meanwhile in Sunan,the community governance structure has breakthrough traditional and go forward to the bureaucratic governance structure,the double source of authority do not change,but the function of the authority has changed and lead to the loss of ability of self-government. The transformation of the bureaucratic community do not make much more difference to the governance structure on middle-level,but it is truly make much difference on the ability of community self-government. So scholars should pay much more attention on the study of community transformation from tradition governance to bureaucratic governance.