包容还是排斥:非营利组织中会员制的治理逻辑

Inclusion and Exclusion: The Logic of Membership Governance in Nonprofit Organizations

会员制是一种古老的制度设计,在非营利组织中也是常见的治理机制。异质性的会员基于不同的认知参与到非营利组织之内,禀赋的差异又形成了角色的差别。与此同时,对于组织认同的差异形成了组织内部的分化,包容还是排斥这样的治理张力在组织内部展开。也在这个层面上,理解会员制成为理解非营利组织治理的关键。文章通过对现有非营利组织会员制问题的综述,来理解当下非营利组织研究中的问题。借助这样一个视角,形成对现有研究的一个反思支点。

Membership is an ancient institutional design,which is a common governance mechanism in nonprofit organizations.Basing on different cognition,heterogeneous members participate in nonprofit organizations,and their different endowments form different roles.At the same time,their different organizational identities cause differentiation within the organizations.Therefore,the governance tension between inclusion and exclusion is expanding inside the organizations.So,membership is the key to understanding the governance of nonprofit organizations.This paper reviews the issue of membership in existing nonprofit organizations to understand the problems in current research of nonprofit organizations.With such a perspective,the article forms a reflecting fulcrum for existing research.