县域城市化:我国新生代农民工城市化的时代特征及其启示——基于“进城意愿—进城能力—价值引力”的分析框架

County Urbanization: The Characteristics of the Times of Urbanization of Migrant Workers in China and Its Enlightenment——Based on the Analysis Framework of “Willingness to Enter the City—the Ability to Enter the City—Value Gravitation”

'县域城市化'是我国新生代农民工群体城市化实践的鲜明特征。既有'制度主义'视角下的农民工城市化研究难以对当前丰富的农民工城市化实践做出有效解释。引入'行动主义'视角,基于'进城意愿—进城能力—价值引力'的分析表明:对新生代农民工而言,城市生活面向突出,赋予其强烈的进城意愿;以代际支持为基础的家庭积累则决定其是否具备支付城市化成本的进城能力;加之家乡观念这一价值伦理作用,共同锁定了新生代农民工县域城市化这一实践路径。中西部一般农业型地区县域社会产业基础单薄,内生决定了其'强消费、弱生产'、'保障水平低、代际依赖强'等内生困境,优化路径正在于:一是大力招商引资,有效提升城市就业和社会保障水平;二是坚持底线思维,建设乡村社会,积极为在村村民提供基本生产生活秩序并充分保障返乡农民工群体和进城失败农民工群体返乡退路。乡村社会的战略性价值和基础性地位要求我们必须审慎对待当前较为激进的农村改革思路。

'County urbanization'is a distinctive feature of the urbanization practice of the new generation of migrant workers in China.The study of urbanization of migrant workers from the perspective of'institutionalism'is difficult to effectively explain the current urbanization practices of migrant workers.Introducing the'activism'perspective,based on the analysis of'willingness to enter the city-ability to enter the city-value gravity',it shows that for the new generation of migrant workers,urban life is prominent and gives them a strong willingness to enter the city;The basic family accumulation determines whether it has the ability to pay for urbanization.The value ethical role of the concept of hometown has jointly locked the practice path of the new generation of migrant workers in urbanization.In the central and western general agricultural areas,the social industrial base of the county is thin,and endogenous determines its endogenous dilemma such as'strong consumption,weak production','low level of protection,and strong intergenerational dependence'.The optimization path is in:First,vigorously attract investment.Effectively improve the level of urban employment and social security;second,adhere to the bottom line thinking,build a rural society,actively provide basic production and living order for villagers in the village and fully guarantee the return of migrant workers and the migrant workers who have failed in the city to return home.The strategic value and basic status of rural society requires us to be cautious about the current more radical ideas of rural reform.