从《论语》看孔子的教育哲学思想

Confucius Ideas of Educational Philosophy inThe Analects of Confucius

《论语》一书二十篇是孔门弟子辑录的孔子言行录,也记载着一部分孔子门徒的言行,是我们研究孔子教育哲学思想所依据的主要资料。本文作者从《论语》入手分析孔子的教育哲学思想:教育对象,主张有教无类;教育内容,特别重视思想品质和伦理道德教育;教学原则和方法,主张因材施教、启发诱导、学思并重,好学乐学、立志有恒、锲而不舍、学行结合;道德教育思想主张,立志乐道、自省自克、身体力行、改过迁善;师生关系主张,学而不厌,诲人不倦,平等民主的师生关系,以身作则,身教重于言教。

Twenty passages of Confucius and his students'words and deeds recorded by his students are included in the book of The Analects of Confucius, which is a major resources of research work on Confucius educational philosophy. Confucius makes no social distinctions in teaching. He pays special stresses on ethical and moral education. As for teaching principles and methods, he holds that students shoule be elicited and taught in accordance with their aptitudes; they should love and enjoy learning, learn persistently, think while learning. Confucius also stands for equal and democratic teacher-students relationship. A tteacher should, he declares, make oneself an example and tireless in his teaching while his students shold have an insatiable desire to learn. When refers to the ethical and moral education,he has the idea that students should be resolves to learn as well as learn to enjoy learning; they have to learn to correct their own evil doings and revert to good deeds.