从儒家“王道”到禅宗“空境”:明清小说中的心学线索

随着王守仁揭示"致良知"的心学宗旨以来,以及王门弟子对王学的大力传播,通俗文学性质的明代小说,数量与质量也在快速地发展。综合观照明代至清前期的经典小说,会发现这些小说的思想主旨隐隐有一条心学的线索。《三国演义》"拥刘反曹"所宣扬"王道"与"霸道"理念的对立,近于先秦孔孟的儒家伦理;而《水浒传》通过宋江形象表达了对传统伦理"忠义"观的怀疑。《西游记》则通过孙悟空和猪八戒形象嘲弄了名、利等"人欲",但没有将之完全否定;而《金瓶梅》和《儒林外史》则是"人欲"极端恶性的大暴露;因此,如何超越"欲"与"情",是《红楼梦》的思考主题,其最终指向是"白茫茫大地真干净"的禅宗"空境"。

With Wang Shou-ren reveal its 'realizing intuitive knowledge' of the Mind purposes, as well as his disciples strong spread, popular literature of the Ming Dynasty novel nature, quantity and quality are rapidly devel oping. Comprehensive contemplation of the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty classic novel, ideolo gical thrust will find these novels faint trail of one mind to learn. 'San guo yan yi', 'anti-Cao and supportLiu' proclaimed ' the Tao of monarch ' and 'the Tao of hegemony' concept of opposition, close to ethics of the Original Confucian; and Song Jiang image of 'Shui hu zhuan' expressed by traditional ethics 'loyalty' concept doubt. 'Xi you ji' through the Monkey and Pig image to deride reputation and carnal de sires and other 'Desire', but did not completely deny; and 'Jin Pin Mei' and 'Ru lin wai shi' is 'Desire' extremely evil great exposure; Therefore, how to go beyond the 'desire' and 'Emotion' is Reflections theme of 'Hong lou meng', the final point is ' the realm of Empty.'