积极型外汉语文词典释义的补充信息:理据和应用

Active Foreign-Chinese Language Dictionaries' Supplementary Information Structure:Theory and Practice

积极型外汉词典的主要任务是帮助读者准确理解并掌握源语言。在这些词典的微观结构中 ,释义和例证义不容辞地担当起这一主要使命。但要真正深刻、准确理解一门语言 ,尤其对于外族语言学习者来说 ,仅仅把握以上两个方面是远远不够的。因此 ,相关补充信息则成为极其重要的辅助手段。以英汉和日汉词典为例 ,探讨词典右项信息结构中的语义信息、语体信息、词源信息、文化信息以及超语言信息在积极型外汉词典 ,尤其是中型学习词典中的地位和作用 。

Conventionally lexicographers in China's Mainland do not attach great importance to the supplementary information structure of active foreign-Chinese language dictionaries. To them, the explication of the entry word and the exemplification of these entries are far more important and thus often become their major and only task. However, the factual situation turns out to be otherwise. Yet this has not been paid adequate attention to or not even noticed. The present paper purports to study the right-hand structure information of active foreign-Chinese language dictionaries concerning semantic meanings, style, etymology, cultures and super language information with the current major English-Chinese and Japanese-Chinese dictionaries, particularly those advanced learner's, medium-sized ones, as examples to analyze the position and functions of the above-mentioned elements and their enlightenment for dictionary compiling.