间接言语行为中的借代

Metonymy in Indirect Speech Act

借代是人们用来间接指称人、物、事件的一种修辞手段,认知语言学认为它更是人们认识事物的一种重要方式。索恩伯格和潘塞(Thornburg＆Panther)提出了言语行为的脚本理论,认为不少言语行为像许多非言语行为一样,在人们大脑中存储了规约化、程序化的模式,并可分解成相链接的成分;在交际中,脚本中的一个成分可激活并指代整个行为。他们从认知的角度用借代的概念解释了间接言语行为。然而,脚本模式虽然有极大的阐释力,但话语的生成和理解不能不考虑权势、损益度、选择的自由度等语用参数。本文最后在索恩伯格和潘塞行为脚本模式的基础上提出一些修正,以纳入上述语用参数。

Metonymy is a wellknown rhetorical device that is used in everyday communication in order to refer in an indirect way to people, things and events. It is also a cognition method. The action scenario of speech acts, posed by Thornburg and Panther from the perspective of cognition, provides us with a good theoretical grounding for the cognitive function of metonymy. After surveying the action scenario, this paper points out that action scenario is very good for interpreting indirect speech acts, but the pragmatic parameters such as power relationship, costbenefit and optionality, which play important roles in the generation and interpretation of discourse, should be included in the scenario. An elaborated ICM has been proposed in this paper.