德语情态动词的语义及语用功能

Semantic and Pragmatic Functions of Modal Verbs in German

"情态"是指说话者对待命题的态度,属于语义范畴。在语法范畴上表现情态意义的主要形式是情态动词。在德语中,情态动词虽然为数不多,但是个整体。情态动词意义的多样性反映出人的情感和意念的复杂性,探讨情态动词的语义内涵及其语用功能,有助于我们学习和掌握情态动词的用法,且有助于人际关系的沟通。

Modality, a semantic category referring to a speakers attitude toward a proposition, is manifested in grammar by modal verbs. Although the number of modal verbs is small in German, these verbs constitute a selfcontained system. The polysemy of German modal verbs reflects the complexity of emotions and volitions of human beings. An exploration of the semantics and pragmatics of modal verbs can help us understand their meaning and can facilitate interpersonal communication.