宁夏回族社区不同地域类型空间结构变化的规律性研究——以宁夏回族自治区泾源县为例

STUDY ON RULES OF SPATIAL STURCTURE AND EVOLUEMENT OF NNINXIA HUI NATIONALITY COMMUNITY ——Select Ningxia Jingyuan County as Survey Sample

本文以宁夏回族自治区泾源县为调查样本 ,通过实地调研 ,科学划分出宁夏回族社区的四种基本地域类型 :川地型、坡地型、半川半坡型和河谷型。总结了各类社区的外部形态、内部格局等空间结构特征及其变化的规律性。分析了回族聚居区人文环境对回族社区空间结构的影响。指出了宁南山区回族社区空间结构未来发展演化趋向是 :扩张川地型社区 ,向大村落、城镇化推进 ;搬迁改造坡地型、半川半坡型社区 ,向科学合理的空间结构演绎 ;抑制河谷型社区发展 ,向高宽阶地集聚。

Jingyuan County is located in the south of Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region. We choose it as a representative sample to carry out the research, which based on reasonable causes as follows: First, almost all residents there are Hui nationality; Second, local residential place which located in many types of physical geographic terrain or physiognomy produced many community types which adapted its outer shape and inner structure to the local space; Third, Hui Nationalities lived in Jingyuan county from 1871 B.C. Based on a great amount first hand data and information in survey, we divided Ningxia Hui nationality communities into four spatial (district) type as plain type, slope type, semi plain and semi slope type, river valley type. Every type has its individual outer shape, inner structure and evolvement route. We take random sample to survey and lised detailed results. There are many special and regular phenomena, spatial movement and problems in Hui nationality community, and we extracted these materials and listed some classical scientific points in this article and tried to show some rules of Ningxia Hui nationaty communitys spatial structure and its evolvement. In the forth part of the paper, we draw a discussion on the relationship between geographic space and human culture environment of Hui nationality community. Some social factors, such as family, nationality, folk and religion, influenced the spatial selection, community structure and inter location of Hui nationality community thoroughly in the whole developing progress of Hui nationality. At present stage, Ningxia Hui nationality has many problems and difficulties in its future development, such as low level of urbanization, decentralization of community, poor infrastructure in community and bad ecological state, etc.