新经济环境下的城市创新模式探讨——以沪宁城市带为例

URBAN INNOVATION MODES IN NEW ECONOMIC MILIEU——A Case Study of Hu-Ning Urban Cluster

信息时代 ,非线性化的创新活动和跨国公司主导下的全球化 ,构成了区域培育创新活动的大背景。在这一背景下 ,由弹性的专门化生产、战略联盟、地方支撑体系和跨国公司主导的创新等级网络所形成的生产、市场、支持空间构成了创新网络环境 ,并通过城市等级体系、大型企业分工体系和类似于信息网络的体系 ,这三种途径形成创新扩散机制。本文结合沪宁城市带内代表性城市创新环境分析 ,提出了自主、合作、配套、联合和园区五种城市创新模式。

First with the rise of non linear tendency of innovation activities formed by the flexible production of small and medium sized enterprises, and later with the emergence of the globalization stimulated by the multi national production of transnational corporations, regional innovation mechanism will have to develop between regional culture and global arrangement. In accordance with those two essential components, the author uses for references from GREMI (Groupement de Recherche Eupopeen sur Milieux Innovalieurs) research group to outline the urban innovation theory-the creation of innovation milieu. In this paper, the frame of innovation milieu is described as the harmony of product space, market space and support space. During the course of creation, the framework of the regional innovation milieu is constituted through the ways that are product of flexible specialization, strategic alliance of companies, supportive system from region and innovation rank system organized by large or transnational corporations. In this milieu, the experience and spin offs of innovation will be diffused with the modes of urban rank system, large corporations vertical integration or separation and free network like Internet web. As an example, the Hu ning urban cluster, one of the most prosperous zones and a corridor of high & new technology industries in China, is the most typical innovative district and has come to be an integrated urban series. This paper covers the central cities in the cluster along the Hu ning railway and among which discussed are Shanghai, Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Zhenjiang. Based on the above, the author outlines five types of the urban innovation model. One is the independent development that the cities exploit the R&D capability themselves. The second is collaboration with transnational corporations that focuses on the capability to do the R&D with transnational corporations. The third is complete production for transnational corporations that encourage the small and medium sized enterprises to join in the production or supply chains of these corporations. The forth is regional alliance that the cities form innovative alliance according to the regional technology gradient. The last is special park that the cities found special park to incubate and attract the R&D institutes.