巴尔干的“大阿尔巴尼亚”:地缘政治关系与演化

BIG-ALBANIA" OF BALKAN:THE RELATIONSHIP AND EVOLUTION OF GEOPOLITIC

阿尔巴尼亚人是巴尔干半岛上的一个古老民族 ,历史上 ,阿尔巴尼亚人曾在 1190年建立起一个独立的阿尔巴尼亚公国 ,其疆域达 10万km2 ,远远超出目前阿尔巴尼亚的范围之外。公元 14世纪 ,随着奥斯帝国的入侵 ,阿尔巴尼亚公国覆灭。到 2 0世纪初 ,巴尔干各国相继独立。由于诸多原因 ,阿尔巴尼亚族被多条国境线划分在国土毗连的不同国家之中 ,形成跨国民族。长期以来 ,阿尔巴尼亚人一直为建立“大阿尔巴尼亚国”而努力。但在冷战时期 ,受两极格局的影响 ,这一问题一度被掩盖。冷战结束以后 ,“大阿尔巴尼亚”问题再度浮出水面 ,成为巴尔干半岛一个突出的政治地理问题。本文从政治地理的角度对“大阿尔巴尼亚”问题产生的地缘政治背景进行了分析 ,并对“大阿尔巴尼亚”的前景进行了预测。

Albanian is an old people who lived in Balkan. In history, the Albanian people had ever established an independent dukedom of Albania with the territory of 100 000km 2, which is far beyond the present region. In the 14th century, with the invasion of the Ottoman Empire, the dukedom of Albania and the other old medieval countries in Balkan collapsed completely at the same time. At the beginning of 20th century, Ottoman Empire was disorganized and every country in Balkan came to independence one after another. For several reasons, the Albanian nation, which was divided into different countries that are adjacent by one borderline or several borderlines, formed a transnational people. At present, Albanian has about 3 5 million people, while the other adjacent countries has the same amount of Albanian, among which 2 million live in Yugoslavia, 500 000 to 600 000 in Macedonia, and 80 000 to 100 000 in Greece. The Albanian people have been struggling to build a 'Big Albania' for a long time. But during the 'Cold War', the problem once had been covered under the influence of the 'two pole' structure. After the cold war, the contradiction between Kosovo A nation the government of Yogoslavia was sharpened continuously, and the Kosovo A nation was put down by Yugoslavia army at last. In the later, as the creed of nation united of the Albanian nation appeared publicly in 1999, the conflict aggravating further between Albanian nation in Kosovo nation and the Ally of Yogoslavia nations, became the direct catalysis for which the NATO launched the war of Kosovo. In addition, the Albanian nation in Kosovo separating campaign affects directly the politic situation of Macedonia. On March 2001,the unlawful armed activities from Albanian nation in Kosovo infiltrated into Macedonia boundary, moreover and exchanged fire with Macedonian army fiercely. At last, the crisis wasnt appeased temporarily until the influence of Big Albania on the geopolitic of Balkan area will be chronic. This paper analyses the geopolical background of the Big Albania problem, and predicts the prospect of the Big Albania. In brief, I hope it can be a good reference for all friends caring for the situation in Balkan.