论日本综合性学习中的“综合”

On Synthesization of Synthetical Study in Japan

现在综合性学习已经成为日本中小学课程与教学改革中的一个热点问题。国际化、信息化等日本社会的急剧变化是开展综合性学习的外部原因,奉行培养“生存能力”的教育观、推进个性化教育、打破课程结构上的分科主义是开展综合性学习的内部动因。关于“综合”,可以这样理解:“综合”就是谋求课程、学习活动及方法的综合化,“综合”的主体在于教师或学生,“综合”的对象包括中小学的全部教育教学内容,“综合”的基本方法是关联和融合。

Nowadays,synthetical s tudy has become one of focal issues in the reform on curriculum and instruction in Japanese primary and secondary schools.Internationalization and information alization and other rapid changes of society act as external cause of synthetica l study,the educational perspective of learning to be,the inplementation of in dividuation education,and the departmentation which breaks down the structure o f curriculum act as internal cause of synthetical study.We can understand syth e-sization as follows,synthesization means to synthesize curriculum,learning actirities and method;teacher and students should be regarded as principal part of the sythesization;the object of synthesization in-cludes the total teachin g materials of primary and secondary schools;the basic methods of synthesizatio n are connection and fusion.