简论欧洲小说文体的形成与发展

On the Formation and Progress of European Novel Style

小说文体在其漫长的发展过程中逐渐形成和丰富。荷马史诗和中古英雄史诗在情节结构和人物性格的刻画上为小说提供了可资借鉴的经验;骑士传奇以想像和虚构的情节初具小说的形态;流浪汉小说以第一人称叙述故事的模式影响深远;《唐吉诃德》结合了骑士传奇的想像和流浪汉小说对人生的客观性展示的特征,标志近代小说的诞生;以《汤姆·琼斯》为代表的18世纪现实主义小说形成西方小说史上的第一次高潮;现实主义时期欧洲小说艺术发展到顶峰;20世纪,西方小说形式经历了一次巨大的嬗变。

Novel style gradually formed and progressed in its long history.The epics of Homer and (Medieval) heroic poetry provided referable experience in the plot structure and the description of character. Medieval romance,to some ex novel produced far reaching influence because of its model of first-person narration. Combining the imaginary of Medieval romance with the objective narrative of Picaresque novel,Don Quixote marked the birth of modern novel of Europe.The 18th century realistic novel, which was represented by Tom Jones, formed the first climax in western novel history. European novel reached the summit of novel art at the stage of realism.And Western novel underwent a tremendous transition in the 20th century.