小麦基因克隆研究进展

Advances in the Research of Wheat Gene Cloning

小麦的基因克隆研究主要集中在品质、抗病、抗逆性、光合、春化等几个方面。在品质方面,已克隆了编码小麦高、低分子量谷蛋白亚基的基因、小麦淀粉合成酶基因及编码黑麦碱的基因;在抗病、抗逆性方面,已克隆了6个与白粉病有关的cDNA、几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因、抗小麦根节线虫基因、盐胁迫应答基因、水分胁迫诱导基因、与重金属解毒有关的基因;另外,还克隆了小麦叶绿体基因组中与光合作用有关的psbA基因和与春化有关的基因Vrc79、Vrc54、Vrc203、Vrc17、Vrc28等。在小麦中还克隆到一个GTP结合蛋白的cDNA克隆、EIF转录因子的cDNA克隆及异构酶基因家族FKBP73基因的启动子序列。

Great advance has been acquired in the research field of wheat gene cloning, which is mainly related to traits such as wheat quality, stress resistance, vernalization and photosynthesis. Genes cloned in the field of wheat quality were that of encoding HMWGS and LMWGS, encoding starch synthesis and encoding rye secaline. Numerous genes were cloned in the field of stress resistance, including six cDNAs related to powder mildew, chitinase gene, β1,3glucanase gene, wheat nematode resistance gene, saltstress responding gene, water stress induced gene. The psbA gene in the genome of wheat choloroplast, which is related to photosynthesis and several genes related to vernalization named Vrc79, Vrc74, Vrc203, Vrc17 and Vrc28 were also cloned.