小麦幼胚培养基因型的筛选

Selection of the Optimum Genotype for Immature Embryo Culture of Wheat

为了筛选出小麦幼胚培养和转基因受体材料的优良基因型,以19个小麦品种的幼胚为材料,采用多种诱导和分化培养基进行组织培养,并于分化前对部分愈伤组织进行了冷冻、干燥和置于分化培养基上暗培养等物理处理,研究了基因型、培养基及二者的互作效应等因素对愈伤组织的诱导、分化和植株再生的影响。结果表明,不同基因型间差异显著。其中89(117)在组织培养时反应良好,幼胚愈伤组织的绿原基分化率和出苗率分别为83.3%和32.2%,显著高于19个品种的平均值72.5%和19.6%,且该品种幼胚的出愈率和再生苗生根率也很高,可作为幼胚培养和转基因受体材料的优良基因型;同时,基因型与分化培养基间存在显著的互作效应,如:89(117)、豫麦66和豫麦18-64的出苗率在培养基I、G和E上分别高达61.3%、52.8%和43.6%,而在培养基D、F和C上则只有13.3%、7.4%和21.4%。因此,在筛选优良基因型时应同时筛选出适合于该基因型的培养基。本试验中适于品种89(117)的培养基为:诱导培养基 (激素组合为:2,4-D2mg/L+ABA0.5mg/L)、继代培养基1(激素组合为:2,4-D1mg/L+ABA0.5mg/L+KT1mg/L)和分化培养基A、B、G或I。研究结果还表明,光照分化培养前的干燥和冷冻处理对愈伤组织快速分化出苗有很大的促进作用。

In order to select the optimum genotype for immature embryo culture, immature embryos from 19 wheat genotypes were cultured on different media,and part of the callus was desiccated?refrigerated or dark cultured before differentiation.The effects of genotype?medium and the interactions between them were investigated. The results showed that the difference among the genotypes was significant. The frequency of green primordium differentiation and plants regeneration for 89(117) were 83.3% and 32.2%, respectively. They were much higher than the means of the 19 wheat genotypes. 89(117) also had the higher frequency of callus induction and plant rootage. So 89(117) was the optimum genotype for immature embryos culture. There were significant interactions between genotype and medium, for example, the frequency of shoot yielded for 89(117), Yumai 66 and Yumai 1864 were 61.3%, 52.8% and 43.6% respectively by medium of I?G and E, and 13.3%, 7.4%, 21.4% respectively by medium of D?F and C. Thus, when the optimum genotype was selected, the optimum medium for it should also have been considered. The optimum media for 89(117) in this experiment were induction medium of Ⅳ, subculture medium of ①, and differentiation medium of A?B?G or I.