不同播种方式对冬小麦主要农艺性状及籽粒干物质积累的影响

Effect of Different Planting Ways on Accumulation of Dry Matter in Grain and Main Agronomic Characters of Winter Wheat

为了进一步明确地膜小麦的增产机理,从1998～2000年在两个生长季节里对地膜穴播、膜侧沟播、露地条播方式下冬小麦主要农艺性状、籽粒干物质积累过程进行了比较研究。试验结果表明,地膜穴播和膜测沟播可使单株分蘖数、穗粒数、穗粒重、单位面积产量增加,但分蘖成穗率和根/茎比降低,基部节间延长,抗倒伏性降低;植株最上部叶片中可溶性糖和籽粒中糖分含量增加,籽粒中蛋白质含量降低。籽粒干重的增加,主要表现在渐增期和快增期灌浆速率较高,而缓增期无差异;膜侧沟播的个体性状较好,地膜穴播的群体性状较好。地膜穴播比膜侧沟播的产量高。

The accumulation of dry matter in grain and main agronomic characters of wheat planting in drilling, bunch planting with plastic film and gouge planting with plastic film were studied during two seasons. The results indicated that planting by plastic film could lead to higher tillering, grain numbers per plant, grain weight per plant and yield per unit area were improved but the rate of spikebearing of tillering and rootshoot ratio were lowered, as well as the lodgeresistant character due to the longer distance between plotes. The soluble sugar in the top leaves and seeds were higher but the content of proteins was lower. The increase of the dry weight of grain demonstrated a higher rate of grainfilling during gathering phase and rapidincreasing, there was no difference in lag phase. After covered with plastic film, the individual characters of gougeplanting wheat were better but the population characters of bunchplanting wheat were better, and the yield of the former was higher than that of the latter.