小麦染色体介导的基因转移

Chromosome-mediated Gene Transfer in Wheat

小麦近缘野生种及某些野生草本植物具有的有益性状可导入普通小麦。通过小麦与近缘野生种的广泛杂交,以及对远缘杂种的细胞遗传操作,在小麦的遗传改良中已取得了显著的成效。以对配对控制机理的调控和诱导易位为基础的染色体工程方法已应用于从一年生或多年生小麦族野生种转移特异性病虫害抗性基因。利用DNA标记有助于更精确地鉴定期望的基因型,从而促进了向小麦的基因转移。这类标记也特别有助于监测外源基因在小麦基因组中的渐渗。

Wild relatives of wheat have several desirable characters that can be introduced into wheat. Wide hybridization of wheat and wild relatives coupled with cytogenetic manipulation of the hybrid has been very helpful in the genetic improvement of wheat. Chromosomal engineering based on the manipulation of pairing control mechanisms and induced transformations, have been employed to transfer into specific disease and pest resistance genes from different grass members of the wheat tribe. The use of DNA markers helps to identify desirable genotypes more precisely, and facilitate gene transfer into wheat. Such markers may be particularly helpful in monitoring the introgression of alien genes in the wheat genome.